I guess, if we allow our imagination to do the work, we could come up with many different interpretations of Jesus’ words to Peter.
“Now I say to you that you are Peter (which means ‘rock’), and upon this rock I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it.
Matthew 16:18NLT
Let’s examine the scenario of Jesus’ words to Peter. Which rock was He speaking about…the rock which housed the usurpers laying claim to the territory where they were standing…the literal rock the likes of which would be the site of His rule? The rock of Peter’s confession which Jesus said would be the foundation of His church. Perhaps even Peter himself! After all, didn’t Peter preach the first sermon on the day of Pentecost?
Caesarea Philippi…a region in Israel…yes, Israel…the geographical area where God ruled His chosen people…His holy law the constitution of His kingdom.
Caesarea Philippi was, in actual fact, the opposite of what Israel represented. It was a region of Caesar worship and site of the grossest of idolatrous practices…the worship of Pan, the grotesque goat-god of fertility and a blatant challenge to the rule of the God of Israel…a declaration of rebellion against the ownership of the Creator and Lord of heaven and earth.
“The earth is the Lord’s, and everything in it. The world and all its people belong to him. For he laid the earth’s foundation on the seas and built it on the ocean depths.”
Psalms 24:1-2 NLT
Caesar may have laid claim to the territory of Israel but…God was still its rightful owner…and He declared His right to rule. So, Jesus took His disciples right into the heart of this corner of Israel where Satan has staked his claim.
In full view of the disgustingly depraved goings-on at the base of the massive rocky cliff, Jesus declared…
“And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.”
Matthew 16:18 NIV
The gates of Hades…the underworld of the dead? The pagans believed that evil spirits, which live in the underworld, came and went through a grotto at the base of the cliff, which formed part of the source of the Jordan river. These spirits supposedly retreated to Hades in the winter and were coaxed out by the rituals of the idolatrous pagans in the spring.
Jesus’ statement is loaded! There is a play on words here. Peter…a stone! Jesus said, “This rock!”Which rock! Why did Jesus make this statement at this exact spot where the rock face into which niches were carved, housed the images of pagan gods? He could have said something similar anywhere else in Israel.
Let me tell you what I think. I think that Jesus’ use of “a stone” and “a rock”, both”kepha” in Aramaic, is more simple than theologians make it out to be. Did Jesus call Peter a “stone” because, at some stage, Peter would become a little more solid and reliable than he was right then, a piece of the rock, Jesus Himself, from which Peter would come forth?
Peter might have made the profound confession that he recognised Jesus as the Messiah but…in the very next breath…he revealed his ignorance of what Jesus the Messiah, meant and would do!
“Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him. “Never, Lord!” he said. “This shall never happen to you!” Jesus turned and said to Peter, “Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me; you do not have in mind the concerns of God, but merely human concerns.”
Matthew 16:22-23 NIV
Through Jesus, Peter would change from a “Simon”…one who hears or, one who listens…to a “stone”, one who is hewn from the rock.
Let’s catch a glimpse of the Peter who became the stone. He wrote some of the most profound revelations of the Jesus he hardly understood when Jesus made His prediction. Peter, the motor mouth, became Peter, the man with a depth of understanding that few other apostles demonstrated.
Could “this rock”, the place that represented the worst of idolatry, be the kind of place where Jesus would build His community? By the power of His “yoke”, He would transform the worst of what human behaviour displayed into the very family of God.
Then came the “keys”…the authority Jesus gave His disciples to open the kingdom of heaven.
“And I will give you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven. Whatever you forbid on earth will be forbidden in heaven, and whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in heaven.”
Matthew 16:19 NLT
To be continued…